Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and. The study emphasises the recent progress of postharvest technology, such as controlledmodified atmosphere storage, edible coatings, irradiation, and biological control agents, to maintain sweet. Postharvest biological control of avocado postharvest diseases. The first line of defense against insects and disease is good management during production.
Abstract losses from postharvest fruit diseases range from 1 to 20 percent in the united states, depending on the commodity. Agricultural research service, united states department of agriculture first of all, since the area of biological control is so vast, i. Identification of the fungal pathogens of postharvest. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests. Postharvest decay in harvested fruit causes considerable economical losses. Biological controls for preventing food deterioration. Most important reproduction and dissemination by abundantly produced spores infection through wounds or sometimes through intact fruit surface. Compared to the longstanding interest in biological control of. For highly perishable commodities, such as tomatoes, squash, and peaches, as much as 30 percent of the harvested crop may be lost to postharvest diseases before it reaches the consumer. Nicot 2011 iobc oilb wprs srop international organisation for biological and integrated control of noxious animals and plants. Pdf on jun 3, 2015, giuseppe lima and others published biological control of postharvest diseases find, read and cite all the research.
Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit. Request pdf biological control of common postharvest diseases of apples with pseudomonas fluorescens and potential modes of action postharvest diseases are a serious issue faced by the pome. Withdrawal of a number of fungicides used to control postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables has caused alternative disease control methods to be sought. Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables 1st edition. Biological control of postharvest diseases by microbial. Novel bacterial isolates are provided for the biological control of postharvest rot causative organisms, particularly by antagonism to fungal growth. However, the interactions between fungal pathogen, host fruit, and antagonist are influenced by several parameters such as temperature, oxidative stresses, oxygen composition and water activity that could determine the success of biocontrol. Fungicides are the primary means to control these losses. However, it has been difficult to select an individual microbial strain with a broad spectrum of activity against major postharvest pathogens that are effective when used on fruits and vegetables. Postharvest biological control of avocado fruit diseases.
Biological control of postharvest products has great potential because postharvest environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity can be rigidly controlled to suit the needs of the biocontrol agent. Selected postharvest references old uc postharvest. It is also the foundation on which sustainable, nonpolluting pest control for tomorrows farms must be built. The major aspects biocontrol potential of microbial antagonists against postharvest diseases of fruit crops. Biological control using antagonists has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemicals to control postharvest diseases. Biological control of postharvest fruit pathogens in papaya kate a. Biological control of postharvest diseases of apple and pear under semicommercial and commercial conditions using three saprophytic yeasts.
Biological control of postharvest late blight of potatoes patricia j. Currently, several promising biological approaches that include microbial antagonists. Largescale production and pilot testing of biological control agents for postharvest diseases raphael hofstein, bertold fridlender, edo chalutz and samir droby. Biological control of postharvest diseases of peaches and. Biological controls for preventing fooddeterioration provides readers with options of nonchemical, ecofriendly, environmentally safe natural alternatives to prevent food from spoilage at pre and postharvest stages. Biological control of avocado postharvest diseases. Bacillus were evaluated singly in dip treatments and in spp. Exploitation of microbial antagonists for the control of.
Because woundinvading necrotrophic pathogens are vulnerable to biocontrol, antagonists can be applied directly to the targeted area fruit wounds, and a single application using existing delivery systems drenches, line sprayers, online dips can. The first generation of biological controls for postharvest spoilage relied on the use of single antagonists. The application of fungicides to fruits after harvest to reduce decay has been increasingly curtailed by the development of. Mechanisms of biological control because biological control can result from many different types of interactions between. Purchase postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables 1st edition. Over the past 15 years, biological control has emerged as an effective strategy to combat major postharvest decays of fruits 82,86,112,186. The diseases which develop on harvested parts of the plants like seeds, fruits and also on vegetables are the postharvested diseases. Spp e postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. Worldwide, postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are estimated at more than 25%, and much of this is due to postharvest decay. Under the global climate change scenario and with the need for sustainable agriculture, biological control methods of fungal diseases, using antagonistic microorganisms, are emerging as ecofriendly alternatives to the use of fungicides. Biological control of postharvest late blight of potatoes.
Pdf losses are generally determined at a single point in the postharvest food pipeline and accumulated losses while food is being. Read biological control of postharvest diseases of peach with cryptococcus laurentii, food control on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Particularly the present invention provides novel isolates of bacteria of species pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia liquefaciens, serratia plymuthica, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilis and bacillus polymyxa which are particularly effective in. Biocontrol of postharvest products has the advantage to be in a controlled environment which can be manipulated to favor the biocontrol agent. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 9928862 bytes article sharing repository deposits questions. The unacceptability of chemical residues, environmental pollution by pesticides and eventual pathogen resistance, makes chemical control of postharvest diseases in avocado fruit increasingly undesirable. Abstract biocontrol activities of a total of 103 yeast isolates were tested against postharvest diseases of peaches. Pdf biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit. Seven isolates, with the best efficacy in reducing the number of infected wounds or lesion sizes of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea, were selected for further large. Biological control of postharvest diseases has been suggested as a viable alternative to synthetic chemicals and has been the focus of considerable research worldwide for the last 30 years by many scientists and several commercial companies. In a hungry and increasingly competitive world, reducing postharvest food losses is a major agricultural goal.
This chapter provides an overview of the potential application, and limitations of microbial antagonists to prolong shelflife, and control of decay of harvested commodities. Postharvest disease management principles and treatmentsjames e. Biological control bc is an important management strategy for fungal diseases. Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables are a major expense in food production. Biological control with plant extracts and microbial agents has been explored as an alternative to the use of synthetic chemicals for managing postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables wilson. Postharvest disease management principles and treatments. Pdf biological control of postharvest diseases researchgate. Nishijima tropical fruit and vegetable research laboratory, huo, hawaii. Biological control of postharvest diseases youtube. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. Review biological control using fungi considerable research effort has been devoted to identifying yeasts and other fungi which effectively control postharvest diseases of fruit, vegetables, and grains wilson et al.
Since the 1990s, several biocontrol agents bcas have been widely investigated against different pathogens and fruit crops. In biocontrol physical treatments addition, production of antibiotics, direct parasitism, and possibly induced resistance in the harvested postharvest decay. Biological control of common postharvest diseases of. Biologicallybased alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the. Many of the practices described so far in part i are valuable because they help reduce pest problems during postharvest handling, storage and marketing. Biological control of avocado postharvest diseases has also been achieved with pre and postharvest applications of bacillus spp.
Return to main selected postharvest references old. Microbiomebased research has opened a whole new frontier that will greatly expand our knowledge of. Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous. Background the yeast metschnikowia fructicola is an antagonist with biological control activity against postharvest diseases of several fruits. Biological control of postharvest diseases bcpd has emerged as an effective alternative. Losses are difficult to estimate reliably, but according to a 1965. At present, postproduction fungal spoilage is predominantly controlled by using synthetic fungicides. She wrote 4 books in the field of postharvest diseases. Biocontrol potential of microbial antagonists against. Biological control using microbial antagonists has been explored as an alternative. Biological control of postharvest diseases with microbial antagonists is an alarming field, and it has done much progress during the last two decades. Considerable success has been realized utilizing antagonistic microorganisms to control postharvest diseases and a large body of information regarding. Postharvest fungal disease is one of the significant factors that limits the storage period and marketing life of peaches, and even result in serious economic losses worldwide.
Although, at the time, biological control as an approach to managing plant disease did not have any major commercial success stories, we felt that the use of biological control agents in a postharvest environment held special promise. Microbial biocontrol agents of postharvest diseases have been criticized mainly for not providing as consistent or broadspectrum control as synthetic fungicides. Department of microbiology and plant pathology, university of pretoria, pretoria 0002, republic of south africa. Biological control of postharvest diseases on apple by. Biocontrol of postharvest fruit fungal diseases by. Kleinkopf2 crop bioprotection research unit, national center for. Management of postharvest diseases of fruits, vegetables. In recent years, several strategies have been developed to biologically control phytopathogens, mainly based on the use of microbial antagonists, such as bacteria 3. Adaskaveg professor department of plant pathology university of california, riverside fungi eukaryotes. Pdf biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. Biological control of postharvest diseases has been accepted by the fruit industry as a viable alternative to synthetic fungicides, and products registered in the united states can be used on organicallylabeled fruit. Biological control of postharvest fruit pathogens in papaya.
Potential for biological control of postharvest plant disease. Over the past 15 years, biological control has emerged as an effecti ve strategy to combat major postharvest. Because woundinvading necrotrophic pathogens are vulnerable to biocontrol, antagonists can be applied directly to the targeted area fruit wounds, and a single application using existing delivery systems. The postharvest phase has been considered an environment for successful application of biological control agents bcas. Biles, randy mclaughlin, edo chalutz t and samir droby t usdaars, appalachian fruit research station, 45 wiltshire road, kearneysville, w, 25430. Biological products based on beneficial strains, such as plant growthpromoting bacteria pgpb, could be considered as a researchled alternative to synthetic fungicides andor food preservatives in the control of postharvest diseases. The research in biological control using antagonistic microorganisms has been developed as an important food safety alternative. Public concern in food safety and environmental issues and the increase of pathogen resistant populations have enhanced the interest in developing alternative methods to fungicides to control postharvest fruit decay. Enhancement of biological efficacy with additives successful commercial control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables must be extremely efficient, in the range of 9598%, unlike the control of tree, field crop, or soil borne diseases. Also, harvested commodities offer a concentrated target for the application of biocontrol agents.
5 578 1184 358 779 207 592 1310 825 296 396 533 844 591 693 75 516 1202 1357 983 757 868 392 743 580 113 538 1373 856 999 183 1020 59 444 1412 119 233 756 875 835 782 108 1429 1086 543 208 849